Fluid-pressure turbine.



No; 746,061.; 'PATBNTBD DBC.8,1903.

H. F. PULLAGAR. FLUID PRBSSURBTURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT'. 18 1901.

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- and Ireland, residing at Newcastle-upon-I i UNITED STATES Patented December 8, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

HUGH FRANCIS FLLAGAR, OF NEWOASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND.

FLUIDLPRESSURE'TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 746,061, dated December 8, 1903.

Application iiled September 16. 1901. Serial No. 75.651. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it weary concern:

Be it known that I, HUGH FRANCIS FULLA-Y GAR, a subject of the King of Great Britain Tyne, county of Northumberland, England. have invented Improvements in Fluid-Pressure Turbines and Turbine-Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

In steam and like turbines, especially those Y of the compound type, in whichseveral suc-` `cessive rings of blades are employed, the total vthat it can be rapidly effected.

Now this invention has for its object to enable a large number of blades of simple form to be attached in a cheap, simple, and ready manner to the circumferenceof a ring or disk of steel or other metal,which may, if desired,

Ibe narrower in width than the bladesproj ecting radially from it, so that the whole shall form a strong ring of blades suitable for u se l in the construction of a fluid-pressure turbine Whether of the simple or compoundtype and which in the case of a rotary ring of blades shall be capable of withstanding, the centrifugal force to which such blades lare subjected when in use. For this purpose according to this invention the blades are attached radially to the outer or inner circumference of a ring or disk byinsertingtheinner or outer ends of the blades, as the case may be, in notches in the saidringor dislcand subjecting the teeth between the notches or the ends of the blades therein, or both the .teeth and the blade ends, tolateral pressure,

will support each other in a very effectivev manner in a circumferential direction, so that cessity for accurate fitting of the parts, heretofore usual, is avoided.

In the accompanying illustrative drawings, Figure l is a sideview, Fig. 2 a cross-section Aon the line A A of Fig. 1, and Fig.'3 a plan,

showing part of -a rotary ring or disk with 6o blades secured thereto according to this in vention. Fig. 4 is a plan of a baflie'r. Fig.

5 is a similar view to Fig. I, s howinga modication. Fig. 6 shows in side elevation, and Fig. 7 in plan, part of a modified form of 65 notched'disk, Fig. 6 also showing a millingcutter for forming curved notches in the said disk. Fig. 8 is a side view showing another modification.

For the construction in the manner de- 7o scribed of a rotary ring of blades the blades d are, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, attached radially to the outer circumference of' a flat ring or narrow disk b, (hereinafter called a "disk,) preferably of mild steel, in the cir- 75 cu mferenee of which arecut a number of transverse radial notches c, that may be either par-` allel with the axis of the disk, as shown, or inclined to such axis. The blades o may conveniently be formed by cutting suitable 8o lengths from a strip of material-such as brass, delta metal, or steel-Nvhichhas been drawn, rolled, milled, or otherwise formed to therequired section and has its two edges parallel to one another. The ends d of the blades a thus formed are inserted in the notches c and seeured in place by lateral pressure produced by calking, hammering, or compressing the opposite sides of the blade ends d or vthe opposite sides'of the .intervening teethV e on the 9o disk b or the opposite sides of both the blade iends ci and the teeth e, thereby causing either the blade ends or the teeth, or both, to expand in a circumferential direction and cause the ductile metal, 'a dovetail-shaped head can be readily formed on the ends thereof to be lis secured to the disk ZJ by holding each blade in a suitable die made in parts and provided with a countersink or recess into which the end of the blade can be hammered, upset, or riveted. Usually, "however, it will be more convenient to use parallel notches and blade ends, as in Figs. l, 2, and 3, and hy means of one or more pairs of punches suitably arranged at opposite sides of the disk to compress sidewise first the ends of the teeth e of the disk h and then the ends cl of the blades d between them, by which means both of the parts mentioned will be caused to assume a slightly dovetailed shape and give sufficient security. To facilitate this method of attaehment, the thin edges j of each blade a, which contribute little to the tensile strength of the blade, may be removed from both sides of' that end portion d of the blade which enters a notch c, so as to present square or fiat sides or edges upon which the punches can act. Also the ends d of the blades a may before being' inserted in the notches be pressed between dies to better adapt their cross-section to the shape of the notches c in which they are to be fixed.

In order to save weight and to reduce fiuid friction, the blades d may be made considerably wider than the portion of the disk b to which they are to be fixed (see Fig. 2) and be surrounded both at their outer ends and at their inner ends near the outer circumference of the disk with a thin annular baffler g, consisting of one or more thicknesses of metal ribbon, the edges of which may be arranged to revolve in any desired proximity to adjacent stationary surfaces in the turbine, so as to thereby prevent the streams of the working fluid while passing through the turbine fiom spreading radially. In the example each ba'tlier g consists of a single thickness of metal. Each baffler is formed with holes h, Fig. Ll, corresponding to the positions of the blades a, and each blade has a tenen formed on each end thereof by cutting away a portion of the thin edge f on each side. Each of the holes 7L is preferably formed with parallel sides and curved ends to conform to the shape of the tenon portion of the blade extending therethrough. The tenons d on the inner ends of the blades are passed through the holes 7L in the inner baffler g, Fig. el, placed around the circumference of the disk Z) and into the notches c of the said disk, where they are secured, as hereinbefore described. The outer baffler g is placed over the outer tenons la and secured thereto by riveting over the outer ends of the tenons.

As shown in Fig. 3, the ballier g at its ends is in contact with a blade a and is formed with a notch, by means of which it partially encircles the blade.

By placing a number of disks b of the same diameter upon a mandrel the notches c in all of them can be sawed or cut simultaneously, thus el'l'ccting a great saving of time, the

that hereinbefore described for a set of rotary blades be attached radially to the notched inner circumference of one or more fixed rings. Such stationary blades can also be provided with annular baffiers like g, if desired.

The blades a, constituting a rotary or stati'onary ring of blades, may, if desired, and as shown in Fig. S, be secured in the manner hereinbefore described at both their inner and outer ends to inner and outer disks or rings b and o, so as to forni a ring of blades, the inner and outer ends of which are firmly supported by continuous metal rings.

The invention may advantageously be used in the construction of turbines designed for use as pumps, as well as in those designed to be used as motors.

That I claim is-fl. A turbine-wheel comprising ablade-carrier formed around its periphery with a series of alternately-arranged notches and teeth each extending from one side of said carrier to the other, the notches each having substantially parallel sides from its outer to its inner end and the teeth being' integral with said carrier, and a series of blades having solid ends fitting said notches from end to end and held therein by friction between them and the walls of said notches.

2. A turbine-wheel comprising a blade-car rier formed around its periphery with a series of alternately-arranged notches and teeth each extending from one side of said carrier to the other and a series of blades having solid ends with substantially parallel sides from their inner to their outer ends and titting said notches from end to end yand gripped and held directly and solely by and between said teeth.

3. A turbine-wheel comprising a blade-car-n rier formed around its periphery with a series of alternately-arranged notches and teeth each extending from one side of said carrier to the other, and an annular row of blade.'` having tenonlike ends with substantially parallel sides from their inner to their outer ends and fitting said notches from end to end and held solely by and between said teeth.

4. Aturbine-wheel comprising a blade-car rier formed around its periphery with a series of alternately-arranged notches and teeth each extending from one side of said carrier to the other, and a series of blades made of crescent-section and with tenen-like ends with substantially parallel sides from their in- IOO . nerto their outer ends and fitting said notches and held solely by and between said teeth.

5. A turbine-wheel comprising a blade-carrier formed around its periphery with a series of alternately-arranged notches and teeth each extending from one side of' said carrier to the other and a series of blades having their outer portions of greater width than the outer periphery of said carrier and solid end portions of less Widths fitting said notches and held firmly therein by and between said teeth.

6. A turbine-wheel comprising a blade-carrier formed around its periphery with a series of alternately-arranged notches and teeth each extending from one side of. said carrier to the other and a series of blades made of crescent-section and having their outer portions of greater width than the outer periphery of said carrier and with tenon-like ends of less Widths fitting said notches from end to end and gripped and held directly and solely by and between said teeth.

7. In a fluid-pressure turbine or turbinepump, an annular carrier, blades fixed to and made of greater width than the periphery of said carrier soas to overlap each side of said periphery, and an annular baffler fixed to one end of said blades, and of greater width than said blades.

8. In a fluid-pressure turbine or turbinepump, an annular carrier formed at its periphery with alternately-arranged notchesl and teeth, a ring of blades made of greater Width than the notched periphery of said carrier and having centraliy-arrangedtenon-like ends held in said notches by and between said teeth, and annular baflie'rs fixed to the ends of said .blades and of greater width than said blades, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

9. In a fluid -pressure turbine or turbinepump, the combinaiion of an annular bladecarrier the outer periphery of which is formed with alternately-arranged notches and teeth, a ring of radially-arranged blades having tenon-like inner ends held in said notches by rings, and of greater axial width than said blades and the periphery of each ring, substantially as described.

11. A turbine-wheel comprising a central carrier, a group of blades fixed to and around the periphery of said carrier, and an annular bafer fixed to and around said group of blades adjacent t0 said carrier and of greater width in an axial direction than said blades and the periphery of said carrier. 12. A turbine-wheel comprising a centralcarrier, a group of blades fixed to and around the periphery of' said carrier, and annular bafflers fixed to and around the inner end portions of said blades, said bafflers being each of greater width, in an axial direction, than said blades.

I3. A turbine-wheel comprising a central body having its outer peripheral portion reduced in Width, an annular group of blades fixedto the peripheral portion of said body and of greater width than the peripheral portion of said carrier, and annular bafflers xed to the end portions of said blades.

14. A turbine-Wheel comprising a central body having its outer periphery formed with a series of alternatel 7-arranged notches and teeth, an annular group of blades having their inner ends reduced in width so as to form centrally-arranged tenons that are located in said notches and are gripped sidewise by and between said teeth, and an annular baff'ler fixed to the inner ends of said blades adjacent to said carrier and of greater axial width than said blades and the periphery of said carrier.

l5. A turbine-wheel comprising a central body having its outer periphery formed'with a series of alternately-arranged notches and teeth, an annular group of blades having their inner ends reduced in width so as to form centrally-arranged tenons that are located in said notches and are gripped sidewise by and between said'teeth, and annularl bafflers fixed to the inner and outer ends of said blades and of greater axial width than said blades and the periphery of said carrier.

16. As an article of manufacture, abaffer for the ends of' turbine blades or buckets, comprisingasheet or strip of' metal having notches or slots at the ends and two or more openings between the ends, the said openings having parallel sides and curved ends.

Signed at Newcastle Upon Tyne, in the` HUGH FRANCIS FULLAGAR.

Witnesses:

W. SPELMAN BURTON, PERCY CORDER. 

